Wednesday, April 26, 2006

Last few days..

well today we had our last class ..in b.tech.. iiita classes are at an end... and the only thing left is exams term papers and project submission.Today got up late...aakash came into the room ... just had lunch and went to class.. we had our last class.. studied decision trees and game theory.. .sometimes things hit u..
u know everything has an end and so let's toast to the glory days..

Tuesday, April 25, 2006

Sad Eyes...


this something... a piece ..
well its just something i am going to write..
listening to some song playing on winamp....
sad eyes ..

talking in whispers...
in starry nights..
i ask u .. and u say u're doing fine..
but i will anyway sit outside the door..
sad eyes .. say everything..

i don't know .. if i ever been loved..
but the hand that touched me...my heart changed..
a little angry..
a little vain..
i wanna push u .. and i will.. hell i will
i wanna take u.. and i will..
i don't why would u ever lie to me.. been little untrusty..
just don't stand there..
walk besides me.. i wanna push u..
hell i will..

does'nt make a better a man.. but i will..
don't want to make this day go away..

Sunday, April 09, 2006

Something Interesting...

What the hell is my phone transmitting when i'm not receiving a call?

It's periodically sending your GPS location to the government who's building a huge database of people's movements, to correlate against all sorts of crimes ranging from terrorist attacks and murders to petty theft and jaywalking.

The RIAA has shown interest in this as well. They want access to the data so they can draw up a list of people who walked by a record store without stepping inside and buying a CD. They claim it's not only in their own interest, but for national security as well, since anyone found guilty of such a crime is a threat to the national economy, and therefore a terrorist. But don't worry, the government is protecting you and is fiercely negotiating with the RIAA on your behalf. They finally realised what a bunch of nutcases these RIAA folk really are, they're sick of being pushed around by some corporate lobbyists, and are now actively pushing for a rewrite of that RIAA bill that would change the wording from "terrorism" to a mere "theft". And it looks like they might even have a chance of winning this one...

OK, and now for the serious answer: a cellphone tower can only support a limited number of simultaneously connected cellphones. It therefore needs to know exactly when a cellphone leaves its range, or disconnects from the network altogether, so it can free up its connection slot for use by another cellphone. Normally a phone communicates a disconnect to the tower whenever possible (for example if it's getting out of reach and connects to another tower, it then disconnects from the first and the connection gets transferred gracefully from the old tower to the new one, even in the middle of a conversation). However, if you just yank out the batteries, the phone gets utterly destroyed, you suddenly enter a cage of faraday or even an underground tunnel, ... the phone will have no time to notify the tower, so the tower needs to check up on supposedly connected phones from time to time to check that none of them are MIA. It's basically similar to an ICMP ping on the Internet. And that's what you hear over your speakers. Similar thing happens right before a call or SMS comes in, or when you dial out: there's two-way communication, and the RF interference the cellphone puts out is picked up by your audio equipment.

Monday, March 27, 2006

Prufrock

one of most beautiful pieces

S'io credesse che mia risposta fosse
A persona che mai tornasse al mondo,
Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse.
Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo
Non torno vivo alcun, s'i'odo il vero,
Senza tema d'infamia ti rispondo. (1)


Let us go then, you and I,
When the evening is spread out against the sky
Like a patient etherized (2) upon a table;
Let us go, through certain half-deserted streets,
The muttering retreats
Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels
And sawdust (3) restaurants with oyster-shells:
Streets that follow like a tedious argument
Of insidious intent
To lead you to an overwhelming question . . .
Oh, do not ask, "What is it?"
Let us go and make our visit.

In the room the women come and go
Talking of Michelangelo. (4)

The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes,
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening,
Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains,
Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys,
Slipped by the terrace, made a sudden leap,
And seeing that it was a soft October night,
Curled once about the house, and fell asleep.

And indeed there will be time
For the yellow smoke that slides along the street,
Rubbing its back upon the window-panes;
There will be time, there will be time
To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet;
There will be time to murder and create,
And time for all the works and days of hands
That lift and drop a question on your plate;
Time for you and time for me,
And time yet for a hundred indecisions,
And for a hundred visions and revisions,
Before the taking of a toast and tea.

In the room the women come and go
Talking of Michelangelo.

And indeed there will be time
To wonder, "Do I dare?" and, "Do I dare?"
Time to turn back and descend the stair,
With a bald spot in the middle of my hair--
[They will say: "How his hair is growing thin!"]
My morning coat, my collar mounting firmly to the chin,
My necktie rich and modest, but asserted by a simple pin--
[They will say: "But how his arms and legs are thin!"]
Do I dare
Disturb the universe?
In a minute there is time
For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse.

For I have known them all already, known them all:--
Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons,
I have measured out my life with coffee spoons;
I know the voices dying with a dying fall
Beneath the music from a farther room.
So how should I presume?

And I have known the eyes already, known them all--
The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase,
And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin,
When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall,
Then how should I begin
To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways?
And how should I presume?

And I have known the arms already, known them all--
Arms that are braceleted and white and bare
[But in the lamplight, downed with light brown hair!]
Is it perfume from a dress
That makes me so digress?
Arms that lie along a table, or wrap about a shawl.
And should I then presume?
And how should I begin?
. . . . .
Shall I say, I have gone at dusk through narrow streets
And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes
Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves, leaning out of windows? . . .

I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floors of silent seas.

. . . . .

And the afternoon, the evening, sleeps so peacefully!
Smoothed by long fingers,
Asleep . . . tired . . . or it malingers,
Stretched on the floor, here beside you and me.
Should I, after tea and cakes and ices, (5)
Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis?
But though I have wept and fasted, wept and prayed,
Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon a platter, (6)
I am no prophet--and here's no great matter;
I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker,
And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat, and snicker,
And in short, I was afraid.

And would it have been worth it, after all,
After the cups, the marmalade, the tea,
Among the porcelain, among some talk of you and me,
Would it have been worth while,
To have bitten off the matter with a smile,
To have squeezed the universe into a ball
To roll it toward some overwhelming question,
To say: "I am Lazarus, (7) come from the dead
Come back to tell you all, I shall tell you all"--
If one, settling a pillow by her head,
Should say: "That is not what I meant at all.
That is not it, at all."

And would it have been worth it, after all,
Would it have been worth while,
After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets,
After the novels, after the teacups, after the skirts that trail along the
floor--
And this, and so much more?--
It is impossible to say just what I mean!
But as if a magic lantern (8) threw the nerves in patterns on a screen:
Would it have been worth while
If one, settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl,
And turning toward the window, should say:
"That is not it at all,
That is not what I meant, at all."

. . . . .

No! I am not Prince Hamlet, (9) nor was meant to be;
Am an attendant lord, one that will do
To swell a progress, start a scene or two,
Advise the prince; no doubt, an easy tool,
Deferential, glad to be of use,
Politic, cautious, and meticulous;
Full of high sentence, but a bit obtuse
At times, indeed, almost ridiculous--
Almost, at times, the Fool.

I grow old . . .I grow old . . .
I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled.

Shall I part my hair behind? Do I dare to eat a peach?
I shall wear white flannel trousers, and walk upon the beach.
I have heard the mermaids singing, each to each.

I do not think that they will sing to me.

I have seen them riding seaward on the waves
Combing the white hair of the waves blown back
When the wind blows the water white and black.

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea
By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown
Till human voices wake us, and we drown.

(1) A passage from Dante Alighieri's Inferno (Canto 27, lines 61-66) spoken by Guido da Montefeltro in response to the questions of Dante, whom Guido supposes is dead, since he is in Hell:. The flame in which Guido is encased vibrates as he speaks: "If I thought that that I was replying to someone who would ever return to the world, this flame would cease to flicker. But since no one ever returns from these depths alive, if what I've heard is true, I will answer you without fear of infamy."
(2) Anesthetized with ether; but also suggesting "made etherial," less real.
(3) Cheap bars and restaurants used to spread sawdust on the floor to soak up spilled beer, etc.
(4) The great Renaissance Italian artist.
(5) Cookies and ice cream.
(6) Like John the Baptist (see Matthew 14: 1-12)
(7) A man raised from death by Jesus (see John 11: 1-44).
(8) Early form of slide projector.
(9) Shakespeare's sensitive hero known for procrastination.

Friday, March 03, 2006

Some technical questions

The following is a list of questions which have been floating around some
Internet circles. They are excellent prep questions for a technical interview.

I haven't made any attempt to clean them up, spelling or organization wise.

Don't bother asking me for the answers,
1) I don't have an answer key.
2) It'd do you good to think.

1. Given a rectangular (cuboidal for the puritans) cake with a rectangular
piece removed (any size or orientation), how would you cut the remainder
of the cake into two equal halves with one straight cut of a knife ?

2. You're given an array containing both positive and negative integers and
required to find the subarray with the largest sum (O(N) a la KBL).
Write a routine in C for the above.

3. Given an array of size N in which every number is between 1 and N,
determine if there are any duplicates in it. You are allowed to destroy
the array if you like. [ I ended up giving about 4 or 5 different solutions
for this, each supposedly better than the others ].

4. Write a routine to draw a circle (x ** 2 + y ** 2 = r ** 2) without making
use of any floating point computations at all.

5. Given only putchar (no sprintf, itoa, etc.) write a routine putlong that
prints out an unsigned long in decimal.

6. Give a one-line C expression to test whether a number is a power of
2. [No loops allowed - it's a simple test.]

7. Given an array of characters which form a sentence of words, give an
efficient algorithm to reverse the order of the words (not characters)
in it.

8. How many points are there on the globe where by walking one mile south,
one mile east and one mile north you reach the place where you started.

9. Give a very good method to count the number of ones in a 32 bit number.
(caution: looping through testing each bit is not a solution).

10. What are the different ways to say, the value of x can be either a 0
or a 1. Apparently the if then else solution has a jump when written
out in assembly.
if (x == 0)
y=0
else
y =x

There is a logical, arithmetic and a datastructure soln to the above
problem.

11. Reverse a linked list.

12. Insert in a sorted list

13. In a X's and 0's game (i.e. TIC TAC TOE) if you write a program for
this give a gast way to generate the moves by the computer. I mean this
should be the fasteset way possible. The answer is that you need to store
all possible configurations of the board and the move that is associated
with that. Then it boils down to just accessing the right element and
getting the corresponding move for it. Do some analysis and do some more
optimization in storage since otherwise it becomes infeasible to get
the required storage in a DOS machine.



15. Give a fast way to multiply a number by 7.

16. How would go about finding out where to find a book in a library. (You
don't know how exactly the books are organized beforehand).

17. Linked list manipulation.

18. Tradeoff between time spent in testing a product and getting into the
market first.

19. What to test for given that there isn't enough time to test everything
you want to.

20. First some definitions for this problem:
a) An ASCII character is one byte long and the most significant bit
in the byte is always '0'.
b) A Kanji character is two bytes long. The only characteristic of a
Kanji character is that in its first byte the most significant bit
is '1'.

Now you are given an array of a characters (both ASCII and Kanji) and,
an index into the array. The index points to the start of some character.
Now you need to write a function to do a backspace (i.e. delete the
character before the given index).

21. Delete an element from a doubly linked list.

22. Write a function to find the depth of a binary tree.

23. Given two strings S1 and S2. Delete from S2 all those characters which
occur in S1 also and finally create a clean S2 with the relevant characters
deleted.

24. Assuming that locks are the only reason due to which deadlocks can occur
in a system. What would be a foolproof method of avoiding deadlocks in
the system.

25. Reverse a linked list.

26. Write a small lexical analyzer - interviewer gave tokens. expressions like
"a*b" etc.

27. Besides communication cost, what is the other source of inefficiency in RPC?

(answer : context switches, excessive buffer copying).
How can you optimise the communication? (ans : communicate through shared
memory on same machine, bypassing the kernel _ A Univ. of Wash. thesis)

28. Write a routine that prints out a 2-D array in spiral order!

29. How is the readers-writers problem solved? - using semaphores/ada .. etc.

30. Ways of optimizing symbol table storage in compilers.

31. A walk-through through the symbol table functions, lookup() implementation
etc -

32. A version of the "There are three persons X Y Z, one of which always lies"..

etc..

33. There are 3 ants at 3 corners of a triangle, they randomly start moving
towards another corner.. what is the probability that they don't collide.

34. Write an efficient algo and C code to shuffle a pack of cards.. this one
was a feedback process until we came up with one with no extra storage.

35. The if (x == 0) y = 0 etc..

36. Some more bitwise optimization at assembly level

37. Some general questions on Lex Yacc etc.

38. Given an array t[100] which contains numbers between 1..99.
Return the duplicated value. Try both O(n) and O(n-square).

39. Given an array of characters. How would you reverse it. ?
How would you reverse it without using indexing in the array.

40. GIven a sequence of characters. How will you convert the lower
case characters to upper case characters. ( Try using bit vector
- sol given in the C lib -> typec.h)

41. Fundas of RPC.

42. Given a linked list which is sorted. How will u insert in sorted
way.

43. Given a linked list How will you reverse it.

44. Tell me the courses you liked and why did you like them.

45. Give an instance in your life in which u were faced with a
problem and you tackled it successfully.

46. What is your ideal working environment. ( They usually
to hear that u can work in group also.)

47. Why do u think u are smart.

48. Questions on the projects listed on the Resume.

49. Do you want to know any thing about the company.( Try to ask some
relevant and interesting question).


51. What are your geographical preference?

52. What are your expecctations from the job.

53. Give a good data structure for having n queues ( n not fixed) in a
finite memory segment. You can have some data-structure separate for
each queue. Try to use at least 90% of the memory space.

54. Do a breadth first traversal of a tree.

55. Write code for reversing a linked list.

56. Write, efficient code for extracting unique elements from
a sorted list of array. e.g. (1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5, 9, 9, 9, 9) ->
(1, 3, 5, 9).

57. C++ ( what is virtual function ?
what happens if an error occurs in constructor or destructor.
Discussion on error handling, templates, unique features of C++.
What is different in C++, ( compare with unix).

58. Given a list of numbers ( fixed list) Now given any other list,
how can you efficiently find out if there is any element in the
second list that is an element of the first list (fixed list).

59. GIven 3 lines of assembly code : find it is doing. IT was to find
absolute value.

60. If you are on a boat and you throw out a suitcase, Will the level of
water increase.

61. Print an integer using only putchar. Try doing it without using extra
storage.

62. write C code for
deleting an element from a linked listy
traversing a linked list
efficient way of elimiating duplicates from an array

63. what are various problems unique to distributed databases

64. declare a void pointer
a) void *ptr;

65. make the pointer aligned to a 4 byte boundary in a efficient manner
a) assign the pointer to a long number
and the number with 11...1100
add 4 to the number

66. what is a far pointer (in DOS)

67. what is a balanced tree

68. given a linked list with the following property
node2 is left child of node1, if node2 < node1
els, it is the right child.

O P
|
|
O A
|
|
O B
|
|
O C

How do you convert the above linked list to the
form without disturbing the property. Write C code
for that.

O P
|
|
O B
/ / / O ? O ?

determine where do A and C go


69. Describe the file system layout in the UNIX OS
a) describe boot block, super block, inodes and data layout

70. In UNIX, are the files allocated contiguous blocks of data
a) no, they might be fragmented
how is the fragmented data kept track of
a) describe the direct blocks and indirect blocks in UNIX
file system

71. Write an efficient C code for 'tr' program. 'tr' has two command
line arguments. They both are strings of same length. tr reads an
input file, replaces each character in the first string with the
corresponding character in the second string. eg. 'tr abc xyz'
replaces all 'a's by 'x's, 'b's by 'y's and so on.
a) have an array of length 26.
put 'x' in array element corr to 'a'
put 'y' in array element corr to 'b'
put 'z' in array element corr to 'c'
put 'd' in array element corr to 'd'
put 'e' in array element corr to 'e'
and so on.

the code
while (!eof)
{
c = getc();
putc(array[c - 'a']);
}

72. what is disk interleaving

73. why is disk interleaving adopted

74. given a new disk, how do you determine which interleaving is the best
a) give 1000 read operations with each kind of interleaving
determine the best interleaving from the statistics

75. draw the graph with performace on one axis and 'n' on another, where
'n' in the 'n' in n-way disk interleaving. (a tricky question, should
be answered carefully)

76. I was a c++ code and was asked to find out the bug in that. The bug
was that he declared an object locally in a function and tried to
return the pointer to that object. Since the object is local to the
function, it no more exists after returning from the function. The
pointer, therefore, is invalid outside.

77. A real life problem - A square picture is cut into 16 sqaures and
they are shuffled. Write a program to rearrange the 16 squares to
get the original big square.

Saturday, February 25, 2006

Sociology

well i am studying sociology these days.i am currently reading max weber ideas and sociological theory.

Ideas
There is no pre-established correspondence between the content of an idea and the interests of those who follow from the first hour. But, in time, ideas are discredited in the face of history unless they point in the direction of conduct that various interests promote. Ideas, selected and reinterpreted from the original doctrine, do gain an affinity with the interests of certain members of special strata; if they do not gain such an affinity, they are abandoned.

when an objective is forgotten then we forget the idea as well.Sometimes we have an idea of perfection in our mind and we think if this was to become a reality all our problems would be solved ,that it would be panacea..to our ills.

Spaces in Sand

Had a written test today... adobe came to campus and .. i did my best under the circumstances and hope i will be able to clear the written.
took a date for GRE .. 11th April .. 9 pm .. it was long over due and finally after some career counselling i decide to take it.

i have books on my table.. Let us C by yashwant kanetkar.. OOPs by balaguruswamy.. all about words books on data compression sociology..
and i wonder if i can read them all ..by the end of the week..
all i can say is i can try..

Sometimes we find spaces .. in between rocks.. in between sand in between our hands..

Wednesday, February 08, 2006

Nothing to say..

So what all has been happening in my life...
i went to a technical fest in iitd .. in most technical fests u kinda have to pick and choose the events u want to participate in, like i wanted to participate in a few .. but didn't end up..couldn't find partners for the quizzes.. all said and done me and my friends won in car design .
I met KK after a long time ,saw Rang de Basanti with Udit pranav rohit they are great guys and fun to be with.We went to Priya ..hung around kk was kinda tired after three days straight in office(i am jealous) had ice creams from nirulas ... ordered pasta n pizza from slice of italy... rainbows .. met new friends and old..

Wednesday, January 25, 2006

Sorting Networks..

There is nothing more difficult to take in hand,more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its sucess,than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things
- NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI,THE PRINCE

Last semester of my engineering degree has come ,juniors say its the time to get nostalgic but i say the time to be nostalgic is only when its over dead and buried and we are singing our victory dance on some roof top.We have a subject this semester that revived my interest in Computer Science .
i have taken parallel computing(sometimes i think its common sense computing) its been hardly a month and i have taken a class on parallel computing(only five minutes)
proving odd even transposition sorting.
Reading material on sorting trying to find networks intuitively Reading The Art of Computer Programming Vol-3 by Knuth its fascinating book containing lots of quotations AND LOTS OF MATHEMATICS..
Hope to read this book atleast once before this semester ends that's all.

Friday, January 13, 2006

Kingdom of Heaven

A kingdom of concious...
Remember that even when those who move u be kings or men of power ... your soul is in your keeping alone .. when u stand beofre god u cannot say that i did as i was told to or that virtue was inconvenient ...

Monday, January 09, 2006

Pain

what happens to us when we are in pain .. does any other emotion except the emotion to exsape exists
Only the drive to escape the pain. When it’s strong
enough, it strips us of everything that makes us who we are,
until we’re reduced to creatures less than animals, creatures with a single
desire and goal: escape.

Friday, January 06, 2006

Some thoughts

What is a king, after all, but a man imprisoned by his duties

You devote yourself to that which you believe to be true but cannot prove.
should i believe in spirit .. in religion in form ..but what is proof but a way of thinking ..
..there is care there is a tenderness in words .. understanding ..
understanding begets empathy and compassion,even for the meanest beggar in the meanest city

iS Wisdom is the most important tool for a
person to possess.”
Logic
the ability to reason analytically. Applied properly, it can overcome
any lack of wisdom, which one only gains through age and experience.”
virtue ...is it overated ..
Too many problems in this world are caused by men with noble dispositions and clouded minds.

A Cliff

Sometimes in life We’re throwing ourselves off a cliff without knowing how deep the water below is.
Ah, but what a glorious flight!

Wednesday, January 04, 2006

Belief

Beliefs .. are like strings of hope .. that are sometimes make us believe when there is no hope ..they help us .. they feed and cloth and take care of u untill u are ready to go into the world and find your drive..
When we feel that everyone thinks so low of u, cause of some actions u haven't done .. of actions u have done ..of actions misinterpreted ...
we worry about what people think .. and forget about the only ones who actually matter
who love u .. i say when all is lost don't lose your tranquility .. cause it is all we have ..If we can't bear to take the good with the bad .. then what justice we do to the faith people have on us.......
Are we hollow weak .. not to be able to take some blows .. does our emotions make us forget our sanity...
Am i not a warrior of old .. do i do justice to my ancestors ......

Sometimes in life .. we need hope we need believe to hold on a second more ..
sometimes we feel so alone .. want to feel alone .. ..sometimes i realise that i really can't help anyone else ..
sometimes i feel helpless sometimes strong ..
a rock sometimes othertimes sand ..
Rocks never cry they say .. but when the waves fall on the rocks ..they do erode
what time they break is the choice
we make and only we can make

Sometimes

sometimes i feel..
i feel as if a book is talking to me
In life
You must
retain your freedom, for in it lies your true power: the ability to make choices independent
With People
You must be kind and wise with them all, for they put their trust in you. Don’t
speak flippantly or without thought, because your words will have impact far beyond whatyou intend.

The burden of leadership is being responsible for the well-being of the people in your charge.

Saturday, December 31, 2005

Eragon-Christopher Pa0lini

“The sea is emotion incarnate. It loves, hates, and weeps. It defies all attempts to capture it with words and rejects all shackles. No matter what you say about it, there is always that which you can’t."

wonderful .. book ..
the act is what will decide our destiny .. choices and actions ...

Saturday, December 24, 2005

Living

don't know what but ..new year is coming and i promised this year i am not going to hold back ..
this year i will try ..i will give it everything.. many may ask me don't you give it everything now .. i would say i will give even more than i have ..
this year i dig deep and find more to give ..
things to achieve..

strong programming skills in C/C++. The desired areas of expertise are- File Format, Plugins, Filters,COM, OOA&D, WinNT/CE, internet technologies, imaging and graphics.

wanna learn symbian os ..
economics and psychology have to start from the beginning to the end..

Friday, December 23, 2005

Origin of currency..



well the origin of currency is fascinating journey, during my formative years i thought the barter system was better and simpler.

Let us travel through the ages to Scotland in 1200 B.C , a huge man wearing a skirt with nails and hammer is heading towards a house.He knocks at the doors ,someone answers the doors ....they have an argument .. after sometime the other person gives the man a piece of meat and takes the nails and the hammer...
a trade is made ..
in ancient timesthe sower and the reaper were the same . The man making the nails and selling is the same.The rearer and butcher was the same person.Division of labour was a thing unheard of back then.
Well but most useful things are perishable stuff like food items .. it is difficult to find value of a commodity .. most things perishable have high value in use but very low value actually in comparison to a diamond .. but a diamond has little value in use but great value in exchange.

now we leave towards greece ..
and i hear people measuring by oxens .. like the armour of achilles is worth 100 oxens.... times are changing i see imperishable metals being used ..copper being used in rome to trade.Bars of copper used for trade .. sometimes iron was used.. in rich countries silver and gold.. .. now it is very diffiult to pay in rude metal unstamped metal cause we don't know the exact value .. weighing them always and then assaying them is not an option without the additional costs.And if u don't assay melt the metal then its have huge chance to get defrauded..
stamped rude bars came into effect but still metal is scarce commodity .now coins came into being.
Servius tullius incorporated coins in rome .. roman pound contained a pound of copper
troyes pound used in scotland contained copper .. pound sterling contained a pound of silver of a known fineness .Shillings were infact a measure of weight rather than currency..
avarice and abuse of power used by kings princes states to repay the debts to the subjects by reducing the amount of silver in the pound.
this way .. money became the universal intrument of commerce

Wednesday, December 21, 2005

Adam Smith ...


reading about Adam Smith and The wealth of nations.
Adam Smith was born on june 5th 1723
"An enquiry into the nature and causes of wealth of nations"

the often quoted passage

"It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest. We address ourselves, not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our own necessities but of their advantages."


the passage offers a useful insight to his work.Every individual works devotes resources to a cause that he thinks will increase his own security.A person works for his own gain and tries to maximize his own gain .Freedom desired by everyman is the cause of this reaction.In history we have seen charity and benevolence of the wolves ,we have seen wars fought for peace, and we have heard if not seen of great atrocities commited in the name of freedom.And we have cursed economics of this world for it.That is why we should never talk of them our own necessities but what use would there actions be use to them.


anyways 639 pages ...to go

Sunday, December 18, 2005

Lifehouse

Desperate for changing
Starving for truth
I'm closer to where I started
Chasing after you
I'm falling even more in love with you
Letting go of all I've held onto
I'm standing here until you make me move
I'm hanging by a moment here with you

Forgetting all I'm lacking
Completely incomplete
I'll take your invitation
You take all of me now...

I'm falling even more in love with you
Letting go of all I've held onto
I'm standing here until you make me move
I'm hanging by a moment here with you
I'm living for the only thing I know
I'm running and not quite sure where to go
And I don't know what I'm diving into
Just hanging by a moment here with you

There's nothing else to lose
There's nothing else to find
There's nothing in the world
That can change my mind
There is nothing else
There is nothing else
There is nothing else

Desperate for changing
Starving for truth
I'm closer to where I started
Chasing after you....

I'm falling even more in love with you
Letting go of all I've held onto
I'm standing here until you make me move
I'm hanging by a moment here with you
I'm living for the only thing I know
I'm running and not quite sure where to go
And I don't know what I'm diving into
Just hanging by a moment here with you

Just hanging by a moment (here with you)
Hanging by a moment (here with you)
Hanging by a moment here with you