Friday, February 25, 2005

Quantum Teleportation

Ever heard of the term "Teleportation" ,according to the IBM site
http://www.research.ibm.com/quantuminfo/teleportation/

the term was given by science fiction writers to making an object or person disintegrate or vanish at one place and exact replica appearing in some other place. A few science fiction writers consider teleporters that preserve the original, and the plot gets complicated when the original and teleported versions of the same person meet, but the more common kind of teleporter destroys the original, functioning as a super transportation device, not as a perfect replicator of souls and bodies.

In 1993 an international group of six scientists, including IBM Fellow Charles H. Bennett, confirmed the intuitions of the majority of science fiction writers by showing that perfect teleportation is indeed possible in principle, but only if the original is destroyed.

In subsequent years, other scientists have demonstrated teleportation experimentally in a variety of systems, including single photons, coherent light fields, nuclear spins, and trapped ions.
consider a document
let us assume that you can scan the original copy without destroying it(heard about fax machines),then that information can be used to create the same particle or object someother place,suppose we have extracted every bit of information necessary or which is present in a system ,then we can simulate the particle at someother place.Let us assume human cloning is possible(might as well be possible) so by suing the information extracted from a particular person ,we can create a replica some other place.But the idea of quantum teleportation is different.supposedly we have two entangled states of objects A ans C then object A has some information about object C even though its may no longer be in entangled with C.So we operate object A with some object B then we can extract the data from A and end it to use to create replica of a A.
According to the site
There is a subtle, unscannable kind of information that, unlike any material cargo, and even unlike ordinary information, can indeed be delivered in such a backward fashion. This subtle kind of information, also called "Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlation" or "entanglement", has been at least partly understood since the 1930s when it was discussed in a famous paper by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen. In the 1960s John Bell showed that a pair of entangled particles, which were once in contact but later move too far apart to interact directly, can exhibit individually random behavior that is too strongly correlated to be explained by classical statistics.


Some Extra Notes
In the quantum teleportation protocol, a classical channel is required to transfer two bits of information. Therefore, the transmitting of information is not faster than the speed of light.
Quantum non-cloning theorem still holds. The originally qubit has to be destroyed (measured) during the process. Also note that energy and matter can not be teleported in this manner, only the quantum state (i.e. quantum information) is transmitted.
Although a continuous qubit (infinite degree of freedom) is transmitted using two classical bits (four degree of freedom), this process can not be used to increase the capacity of classical channel. Holevo's theorem states that one qubit can only be used to transport at most one classical bit.
While the two bits sent through the classical channel can be intercepted by a third party, the information is totally useless without Bob's entangled copy of the qubit. Therefore, this is an absolutely secure way to transmit information, and has been suggested as an ideal way for crypt key distribution.

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